Public Address System? Also known as a PA system, a public address system is a combination of devices consisting of a microphone, an amplifier and one or more loudspeakers designed to increase the volume of sound.
Using this technology means you will be able to increase the volume of your speech, announcement or music to broadcast them clearly to a large number of people or in a larger area. Just think about when a Public address system is being used for example, in an airport where an announcement is made over the loudspeaker, when a principal at school gives an announcement for all the students and teachers at the beginning of the day, or in cases where people are informed to evacuate their building through a Public address system.
The basic idea is turning the sound waves into electrical signals, boosting the signal level and then turning the electrical signal back into high volume sound waves. Everything is done in stages that are called a Signal Chain.
1. Input (Capture) - A microphone records a singer and converts the acoustic sound waves into a low level electrical signal, or it could be from digital source devices such as your mobile, media player or computer playing background music.
2. Processing (Mixing) - Then it is channeled into an audio mixer or pre-amp where the sound is leveled, it is filtered for annoying high-end frequencies using an Equalizer (EQ), and each input is mixed to the desired level.
3. Amplification (Boosting) - The signal is too low for it to cause the speaker cone to move vigorously, so it goes into a power amplifier where the electrical current of the signal is boosted to a very high level, the sound wave however stays the same.
4. Output (Projection) - The amplified current then powers up the loudspeakers, pushing and pulling the speaker cone in and out creating sound waves by moving the air around the cone to create sound.
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PA systems are divided into three basic categories based on where the venue is and how it is used:
These systems are installed in buildings as their permanent solution. This is the system most common for places such as schools, shopping malls, hospitals, and office buildings, typically having amplifiers in a central rack with many different speakers installed on ceiling tiles or walls.
These devices are single unit PA systems that have either been constructed with lightweight components or work off battery power. They have integrated amplifiers, speakers, and a mixer into a single portable, or even self-contained unit. Perfect for the street performer, officiator at an outdoor wedding, public speaker at various venues and fitness instructors that have to move from one venue to another.
These systems have been specifically developed for buildings that have very large space to cover. Standard audio wires lose a lot of power due to voltage drop when run at large distances. These 100V systems employ a step-up transformer to allow signal to travel up to many kilometers through a very thin cable with minimal signal loss. Typically found at transportation centers like airports and train stations, or sports arenas.
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